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tion there and in Holland and at an early age entered the army as lieutenant of the artillery, and served some time on the con- tinent. In I 756 he was promoted to a cap- taincy and in the following year was ap- pointed aide-de-camp to General Wolfe. He was at the battle and siege of Louisburg and intrusted with the attack on the Western Gate when it surrendered. He Was also at the battle of Beauport and at the taking of Quebec, and stood by the dying General Wolfe and held his wounded arm. He ap- pears to have been a great favorite with General Wolfe, as the latter, on the day of the battle, presented him with a pair of beau- tiful pistols on the barrels of which are en- graved the words, “The gift of Major Gen- eral James Wolfe to Captain Samuel Hol- land.” These pistols remained in the H01- land family for a great number of years, but through marriage they passed into other

hands, and are now (1906) in the possession of Mrs. James F. Welsh, of Charlottetown. Many years ago these pistols were used in a mortal combat near Montreal between Lieut. Samuel Holland, a son of Major Holland. and Captain Shoedde, both of the Forty- ninth Regiment, in which Holland was killed and Shoedde badly wounded. In the report of the duel it is stated that Mr. Hol- land second’s proposed that they should ex- change pistols. Captain Shoedde replied that his had been used by Lord (illegible) and Holland answered that his were of equal celebrity, having been used by General Wolfe. In 1763 King George III. having annexed Prince Edward Island (then called St. John), Cape Breton and adjacent islands to the government of Nova Scotia, decided to have accurate surveys made of all his pos- sessions in North America. For this pur- pose, in 1763, Maj. Samuel Holland. then

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captain of artillery, was appointed surveyor general of Quebec and director of surveys in British North America. In the same year he was appointed a member of the council of Quebec. The fisheries of the Gulf and St. Lawrence river being considered of great, importance, he was instructed to begin the survey of Prince Edward Island, Cape Bre- ton and the Magdalens. The instructions to Major Holland state that in the survey the greatest precision and exactness will be required and expected; the latitude and longitudes of the most important places must be settled by astronomical observations; the depth of the water and surroundings, on the wash as well as within the harbours, must be taken, and a full report of the capabilities of the Island are to accompany the map. Lieutenant Haldimand, Carleton and Robi- son and Mr. George \Vright were appointed assistant surveyors to Mr. Holland, and a schooner of about two hundred tons, armed and manned by forty men and commanded by Captain Mowatt, was placed at his serv- ice. Death and many accidents, with great hardships and privations. attended this sur- vey. A party under Haldimand became lost in the woods, narrowly escaping death by starvation, being without food for three days. Carlton died in the St. Lawrence and poor Haldimand, who was a valued assist- ant, a great favorite with all the party and highly esteemed and loved by Major Hol- land, was drowned while taking soundings on the ice on the coast of Cape Breton. In order to insure the safety of Mr. Holland and his assistants, the King included in his commission a general order which reads as follows: “All our governors. lieutenant governors, commanders-in-chief and other officers and ministers whatsoever within our dominions, are to be taking notice thereof