through the spout; the upper piece was then filled with cod oil; the wick would soak up this oil and when lighted burn like a little torch. It was a smoky thing and sengofi an unpleasant odor. A simple ac- cident with one of these lamps might have led to a great discovery. My sister was visiting at a home where there was a large family. The mother was kneading dough on the table for a large baking. One of the boys knocked the cod oil lamp down on the dough. The mother would not lose her baking. She worked the oil into the dough and baked the bread and served it. It must have had a high flavour as that oil was rancid. If she had had scientific knowledge she might have made a fortune by discovering how to combine cod liver oil with ordinary foods without its unpleasant taste. We made candles out of tallow; they were much nicer than the lamps. At first they were made by dipping a stout cotton thread into hot tallow; when the thread wasdipped, and had soaked up all it would, it was taken out and let cool; then it was dipped again and cooled; this was repeated until the tallow adhering was as large around as one’s finger. They were like small icicles. The string, or wick, was lighted and it made nice light; we called these tallow dips.

We soon got a better way to make candles; we made them in moulds; these were tin tubes the size of a candle; the wick was placed in the centre of the tube, then the hot tallow was poured in until the tube was full; this was let cool and then the candle could be pulled out. These candles were very pretty and a large number of them made a fine light. On our birthday celebrations a small candle to represent each year of our age was fixed into the birthday cake; when these were lighted they made a brilliant display. We made holders, 0r candlesticks for the candles; some were made of wood. We soon got very pretty ones from town. We made a great advance in civil- ized life when we got a kerosene lamp. We were the first in the set- tlement to get one; it was an object of wonder. My grandmother came to see it. Father showed how it was worked; when he lighted it, and turned the screw that increased or diminished the light it aston- ished us all. It was a great improvement on the candles, but the can- dles were safer and cheaper; we continued using them. The lamp was

lighted on special occasions.

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