Ill Historical Background to the Establishment of the Church of England on Prior to the appointment of "resident" bishops in the overseas colonies of Great Britain, colonial governors held within their office the dual role of being both a representative of the Parliament of Great Britain in constitutional and civil matters, and as a representative of the Crown (the Crown being recognized as the Temporal Head of the Church of England) in local church affairs. In conjunction with this last duty it was necessary that in Common and Canon law they were specified as holding ordinary (or immediate) jurisdiction in ecclesiastical matters within the boundaries of their respective colonies and dependencies. Included in this jurisdiction was the power to "collate" (to appoint incumbents), as well as over matters relating to discipline. The Bishop of London held general Episcopal jurisdiction over the Church of England outside of the British Isles. Walter Patterson , appointed Captain - General and Governor -in- Chief of the Island of St. John in 1769, was issued with a Commission which revoked the Commission of the Governor of Nova Scotia in so far as it affected jurisdiction over the Island. The Instructions from the Crown, issued on August 4th, 1769 defined his relationship and responsibility for the affairs of the Church of England within his colony. In his capacity as Governor he was instructed to "permit a liberty of conscience to all persons (except Papists)" and to "impress upon their minds a just sense of religion and morality" through a "uniform and regular observance of those rites and duties which our holy religion require(s)"49. In addition, provision was made for the accessibility of glebe lands for use by the Church of England as the "authorized" church, and the Book of Common Prayer was "by law established" to be read each Sunday and on holidays. In accordance with the Governor's office as the 'Ordinary' for the Bishop of London he was instructed that no 'Minister' could be preferred to a parish, and that no 'Minister' could teach school on the island without a certificate from the Bishop of London allowing him to do so. The Governor was also instructed to proceed in a manner such that: 49. MacKinnon, Frank The Government of Prince Edward Island . ( Toronto . 1951) p.340. 32