aspen with scant regeneration of pine — except in central Prince, where good 
     
     examples may be seen near Freeland and Percival River. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Reversion from pasture follows a different course, comparable to the succession 
     
     on dunes. The grass is colonized directly by sun-tolerant young white spruce, with 
     
     some alder and bayberry rapidly (15 years) shaded out. Until natural thinning 
     
     occurs only saprophytes (fungi) appear beneath; then moss (Pleurozium) and 
     
     Maianthemum with Cornus canadensis. On the steeper slopes, Cory/us cornuta 
     
     and Die/villa Ion/cera appear at the sunlit edges of the spruce woods. In the 
     
     southeastern uplands, the pastures may be colonized by wire birch and red maple 
     
     rather than white spruce if these are close at hand. On damp or heavy soil the 
     
     regeneration of forest from pasture is conducted by marsh fern (Thelypteris 
     
     palustris) and larch, rather than white spruce; in flat sandy loam soil, the pasture 
     
     succession parallels that of the dunes most closely, goldenrods (So/idago 
     
     canadensis, S. gram/nifo/ia) giving way to bayberry, and that in turn to white 
     
     spruce. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Old fie/d 
     
     succession. 
     
    
   
   
    
     [pp. 17—221 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ERSKINE’S REFERENCES: 
     
    
   
   
    
     BRAUN, E. L. (1950) Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America. Blakiston, Philadelphia. 
     
     GAUDET, J. F. (1956) Forestry Past and Present on Prince Edward Island. Maritime A. I. C. Conference, 
     
     Charlottetown, 3 pp. (mimeographed). 
     
    
   
   
    
     HALLIDAY, W. E. D. (1937) A Forest Classification for Canada. Canada Department of Mines and Resources 
     
     (Lands, Parks and Forests Branch), Forest Service — Bulletin 89. 50pp. 
     
    

    
     HAMEL, A. (1955) Esquisse écologique des comtés de l’lslet et de Kamouraska. Can. J. Bot. 33: 223-50. 
     
    

    
     HARVEY, D. C. (1926) The French Regime in Prince Edward Island. Yale University Press, New Haven pp. 2-6. 
     
    

    
     LONG, H. D. (1952) Forest types and sites of the Acadia Forest Experimental Station. Acadia For. Exp. Sta., 
     
     Fredericton, N. B. (M 226), (mimeographed). 
     
    

    
     MACOUN, J. (1894) Forests of Canada and their distribution. Proc. Royal Soc. of Canada, sec. iv, p. 3. 
     
    
   
   
    
     MARTIN, L. J. (1955) Observations on the origins and early development of a plant community following a forest 
     
     fire. Forestry Chron. 31: 154-61. 
     
    
   
   
    
     STEWART, John (1806) An Account of Prince Edward Island, in the Gulph of St. Lawrence, North America. 
     
     Winchester & Sons, London. 
     
    
   
   
    
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