pushed the total value above £200,000, or about $320,000 in Can- adian funds. So Vere’s mother was well off financially but she faced a difficult family problem.

Samuel made his will in 1800 and he was aware of the problem at that time. Lydia's husband, Isaac Bull, was not a very good business- man, and Samuel was not very fond of him. He made it very clear that he did not want Isaac to inherit anything from him. He stated that his daughter, Lucy, was to get the rental income from units num- ber 3 and 4 of his six row houses, along with the above listed bonds, and after she died the money was to be shared by her heirs. But there was one exception and it was stated this way. “But as my granddaugh- ter, Lydia, is married I do hereby declare that her husband, Isaac Bull, shall have no part in this bequest” The will went on to say that any- thing that Lydia received from it should be for her own use and “that the said Isaac Bull was to have no part therein”

Samuel, by naming Isaac twice, was making it as plain as possible that he didn’t approve of Lydia’s husband.

The estate was settled fairly quickly and Lucy suddenly found her- self quite well-to-do. But she was soon facing pressure from Isaac for help with his business problems. Lucy understood the risks of loan- ing money to Isaac, but found it difficult to say no. So she agreed to loan him £200 but only after contacting an attorney to have the debt properly documented.

Vere would have received time off to attend his grandfather’s fu- neral and spend some time with his family on this occasion. But after that it would be right back to his training with Thomas Powell. He still had two years of his indenture, and it must have been a discour- aging task.

Rapid changes were taking place at this time in all manufacturing areas including the calico industry. Many tradesmen were no longer able to find work in their field. Hand labour was being replaced by machines in many lines of endeavour. Cylinder printing was coming into use for the calico trade, reducing the need for skilled tradesmen.

Journeymen working in the calico printing industry complained bitterly that too many apprentices were entering the trade, and it

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